Negative ion information

What are negative ion effects?

2008-07-02T01:48:00.010+09:00

Effects on the human body

Not only stress alleviation and relaxation enhancement but also various effects have been reported.

1. Reported by our customers (Extracts from testimonials)

Category	Testimonials
Sleep well	·I could sleep well from the first night with this bracelet! ·It seems he has a good sleep because he no longer says "I cannot sleep well." ·I can sleep well and I no longer run to the bathroom! ·I could sleep well on the 1st night! ·Because I can sleep well! ·It is quiet and I can sleep well as the autonomic nervous system is working properly! ·I can sleep well because the symptoms have been alleviated since I installed the negative ion generator! ·Odors are gone. It helps me to sleep well and reduce fatigue! ·I can sleep well and wake up refreshed! ·Happy to be able to sleep well! ·It helps me to sleep well! ·I could not fall asleep well because of the dry air but now not only I can fall asleep fast but also I do not wake up in the middle of night! See All
Fall asleep	·I can relax and fall asleep quickly when it is close to my face! ·I feel something like gentle breeze which smells good. I fall asleep as soon as I feel the breeze! ·I could not fall asleep well because of the dry air but now not only I can fall asleep fast but also I do not wake up in the middle of night! ·I now enjoy a good sleep, fall asleep in about 10 minutes and less frequently wake up! See All
Deep sleep	·They had deep sleep and felt refreshed in the morning! ·My mother is happy because she has a deep sleep! ·I can have a deep sleep! ·Good deep sleep! ·I no longer have migraine and enjoy a deep sleep! ·I feel warm and I can have a deep sleep! ·I even failed to wake up on time due to deep sleep! See All
Fatigue	·It does relieve fatigue! ·Odors are gone. It helps me to sleep well and reduce fatigue! ·Symptoms of chronic fatigue were alleviated! See All
Less stress	·I now get less stressed along with improved concentration! ·I get less stressed when I get stuck in a traffic jam! ·I get less stressed with this compact ion generator! ·I am glad that they feel less stressed! ·I soon felt lighter and less stress! See All
Relax	·I feel comfortable with no sneezing and relax with negative ions! ·I can relax and fall asleep quickly when it is close to my face! ·I can relax with negative ions! ·I feel more relaxed and alert with the IONION on in the car! ·Tourmaline bathing is relaxing and makes my skin feel so much more comfortable! ·I feel I relax a lot in the room! ·I feel not only less tired but also feel the fresh air and relaxation effects! I made the right purchase! ·It helps me to breath and enhances relaxation! ·The mild water is gentle to the skin. I can relax and enjoy sweating! ·It works better than I expected. The negative ions remove cigarette smoke and help me to relax and concentrate on work! See All
Refresh	·I feel so refreshed in the morning after having a sound sleep! ·I can sleep soundly and I also feel refreshed during the day hours! ·Now I sleep soundly and better thanks to the refreshing air filling my room! ·The musty smell has gone, I am refreshed too! ·I not only felt warm but also so refreshed when I woke up the next morning! ·They had deep sleep and felt refreshed in the morning! ·I now wake up refreshed and recharged! ·I feel refreshed and my nose does not run in the room where the Ion House is installed! ·I feel the cool air in the room and odors are gone. I have a good sleep and wake up refreshed! ·I wake up refreshed on the 1st morning after I installed the Ion House in my bedroom! ·I wake up very refreshed the following day after absorbing negative ions all day long! ·The day after I installed the Ion House, he woke up refreshed in the morning because he finally had a good sleep with no nasal congestion! ·I can sleep well and wake up refreshed! ·I wake up refreshed and feel good even when I sleep an hour shorter than usual because I can sleep deeply! ·I wake up refreshed in the morning and my body is more flexible even after sleeping shorter hours! ·I started to wake up very refreshed a week or two later. Now I enjoy healthy life! See All
Concentrate	·He says he can concentrate on his study and have a better sleep! ·My headache and stiffness of the shoulder were subsided, my ability to concentrate was enhanced and my hay fever was improved! ·It removes cigarette smoke, works for migraine and neck stiffness and improves my ability to concentrate! ·It works better than I expected. The negative ions remove cigarette smoke and help me to relax and concentrate on work! See All
Migraine	·Migraines and shoulder stiffness for many years are now all gone! ·My migraine has gone and my body feels more flexible than before! ·I no longer have migraine and enjoy a deep sleep! ·It removes cigarette smoke, works for migraine and neck stiffness and improves my ability to concentrate! See All
Headache	·I am very happy with it because I no longer have a headache. Thank you! ·My headache caused by shoulder stiffness has been reduced! ·Her headache has gone since she started to wear it! ·I was so surprised not to get a headache when I took a nap with the Ion House ·My headache and stiffness of the shoulder were subsided, my ability to concentrate was enhanced and my hay fever was improved! ·The headache was relieved by the next morning and the air became mild! ·Mr. K whose desk is next to mine got flu and I also started to feel dull with a minor headache. It is true I got well with no doctor/medication! See All
Shoulder stiffness	·Migraines and shoulder stiffness for many years are now all gone! ·I think shoulder stiffness has been reduced! ·His shoulder stiffness has subsided since he started to wear it! ·My headache caused by shoulder stiffness has been reduced! ·My shoulder stiffness improved, I am very satisfied! ·It does alleviate my persistent neck and shoulder stiffness and aching! See All
Back pain	·A friend of mine, who has back pain, asked me to get one for him! ·I was half in doubt about negative ion effects but soon found the pain was completely gone. Great for back pain! ·It relieves stiffness of the neck and back pain! ·I found I had a better sleep on the 3rd day. My wife has back pain. The pain is almost gone in an hour! ·My back pain has been reduced! See All
Rheumatism	·I have rheumatism. Swelling of the joints is almost gone and the skin color has returned to normal! See All
Blood circulation	·This ring helps to relieve neck stiffness and improve blood circulation! ·It improves blood circulation of feet! · I am happy because it improves blood circulation and I sweat more! ·It improves blood circulation of the neck and the stiffness has improved! ·Not only he but also I enjoy the hot spring, which makes me warm and improves blood circulation! See All
Nasal	·The day after I installed the Ion House, he woke up refreshed in the morning because he finally had a good sleep with no nasal congestion! See All
Skin	·It makes the whole body warm and I feel good after having a bath with improved skin conditions! ·Makes the body warm and great for skin! · The water is soft and the skin is smooth! ·Makes my skin smooth with no damage as the powder particles are small! ·My skin stays soft after washing. It also alleviates itching caused by inflammation! ·I sometimes apply it to my elbow as the skin is dry. It becomes smooth in a few days! ·I found the skin was smooth and moist! ·The gel mixed with skin lotion makes my skin moist and smooth! ·My skin is soft and shiny! ·My sensitive skin hasn't experienced any problems since I started to use it! ·The skin not only stays soft and shines but also is gradually turning white! ·I found my skin became softer. I like the fine lather! ·Suits my sensitive skin while other soaps including expensive branded ones can damage the skin! ·Good for my sensitive skin. It doesn't cause a rash! ·I am really impressed with how much foam rubbing the soap in the net makes! My skin feels so much better! ·Tourmaline bathing is relaxing and makes my skin feel so much more comfortable! ·I have rheumatism. Swelling of the joints is almost gone and the skin color has returned to normal! ·I now sleep more deeply than before. My wife is also happy because her skin condition is better now! ·It was not so effective as he expected but we enjoy the smooth skin after tourmaline bathing! ·The mild water is gentle to the skin. I can relax and enjoy sweating! See All

2. Reported in books/literature

Negative ion effects reported in medical literature
High blood pressure	Low blood pressure
Pulse rate	Arteriosclerosis
Rheumatism	Multiple sclerosis
Sleeping disorder	Migraine
Epilepsy	Bronchial asthma
Menopausal disorder	Stress

3. Quoted by researchers in the field of negative ions

Category	Negative ion	Positive ion
General	Tranquilization	Stimulation
	Inducement of sleep	Disturbance of sleep
	Subsidence of pain	Headache
	Appetite stimulation	Uncomfortable feeling
Blood pressure	Down	Up
Pulse rate	Down	Up
Respiration	Stabilized	Stimulated
Capillary vessels	Expand	Shrink
Blood sugar levels	Down	Up
Blood lactic acid levels	Down to normal quickly	Down to normal slowly
Artificial anemia	Restoration effect	Significant restoration effect
Serum surface tension	Up	Down
Blood oxygen level	Down	Up
Oxygen consumption	Down	Up
Diuresis	Stimulated	Inhibited
Urine nitrogen level	Up	Down
Bowel movement		Constipated
Fatigue	Prevented	Worsened
Fatigue	Recovery stimulated	Recovery delayed
Bone growth	Positive effect	Negative effect
Experimental scurvy	Prevented	Stimulated
Experimental scurvy	Recovery stimulated	Recovery delayed

Reference: Air ion and life, The negative ion research association

Effects on the air

Negative ions remove dust and particles. This is why air purifiers and negative ion generators purify the air.

Reported by our customers (Extracts from testimonials)

Category	Testimonials
Cigarette smoke	·It removes the smell of cigarette smoke from my hair! ·Cigarette smoke in the kitchen quickly disappears. Well done! ·It removes cigarette smoke, works for migraine and neck stiffness and improves my ability to concentrate! ·It works better than I expected. The negative ions remove cigarette smoke and help me to relax and concentrate on work! See All
Odor	·He is happy with the deodorant performance! ·Very happy with it because it removes sweat odors and feels smooth to the touch! ·The tourmaline powder quickly eliminates the odors! ·I was impressed with tourmaline's deodorant power! ·One day I found there was no odor and the air was so fresh and clean! ·I feel the cool air in the room and odors are gone. I have a good sleep and wake up refreshed! ·Happy with the Ion House because there is no ozone odor and ions are well distributed throughout the room! ·It works far better than I expected! The dog odors are gone! ·The odors started to disappear in a week! ·Odors are gone. It helps me to sleep well and reduce fatigue! See All
Fresh air	·We now enjoy the fresh air as if we were standing near a waterfall! ·I feel the fresh air, thank you for your quick delivery service! ·The fresh air makes me feel good, I am totally satisfied! ·I felt the fresh air, I no longer have mold and mildew problems! ·I felt the fresh air when I laid down on it! ·My guests always say they feel the fresh air! ·I feel not only less tired but also feel the fresh air and relaxation effects! I made the right purchase! See All
Pollen	·I had an itchy eye caused by pollen but the symptom is gone, thank you! ·Miraculously the symptoms did not appear. I even wondered in March when the hay fever would occur as the weather forecast said the pollen count was very high! See All
Dust	·The air in my room feels clean and I have noticed a big reduction in dust! ·It filters bacteria and dust! ·Dust mounting on the door gradually faded away by itself and there was almost none left in about 10 days! See All
Purifier	·There are some air conditioners/purifiers which emit negative ions but none of them performs better than the Ion House! ·We purchased the ion counter in order to measure the ion counts generated by air purifier products! See All

Effects on animals and vegetation

Negative ions stimulate growth and extend life spans of animals and vegetation and thus contribute to improved productivity, which has been utilized by many companies.

Effects on fresh foodstuffs

Negative ions are used to maintain freshness of fish, meat, vegetables and fruits, which has been utilized by many companies.

The industry's highest performance negative ion generator
[Users testimonials] Good sleep 74%, Alleviation of migraine 85%, Less shoulder pain 66%, Feel refreshed 76%

How far negative ions travel

2008-06-30T21:18:00.002+09:00

Some negative ion generators generate a lot of negative ions but only very few reach you. It is very important to check how far negative ions travel (straightforward) before you purchase the ion generator.

How far negative ions travel

Cool wind does not reach you!
You want to enjoy cool air as it is extremely hot, but the cool air created by your air conditioner does not reach you. It is just wasting electricity.
The same goes with negative ion generators. If negative ions do not reach you, the generator is wasting electricity. Some negative ion generators generate negative ions but only very few reach you.

Pay attention to the distance from the negative ion generator!
Negative ion counts are generally measured in (pcs/cc). You cannot evaluate performance of negative ion generators with this value only.
For example, a negative ion generator which generates 1,000,000 (pcs/cc) can be good or not so good. This is because the distance from the generator where this amount of negative ions can be detected is not shown. Negative ion counts dramatically decrease as you go further away from the generator. There are products which emphasize the ion count detected at the blow off point while very few can be detected at 50cm away. This is why you need to pay attention to the distance.

The ion count at a distance away from the generator determines the performance of the generator.

Ion count in the blow off direction
The ion count detected at a certain distance away from the ion generator shows you how far negative ions travel.

You need to pay attention to the ion count at least in the blow off direction because most manufacturers do not provide ion count information in angled directions. It would be ideal if negative ion counts in the both directions were always available.

If the ion count at 1m away from the ion generator is below 10,000 (pcs/cc), the performance is not so good.

Ion count: Performance (for your reference)

300 (pcs/cc) at 50cm: Poor
3,000 (pcs/cc) at 50cm: Not so good
20,000 (pcs/cc) at 1m: Good
100,000 (pcs/cc) at 1m: Very good

The industry's highest performance negative ion generator
[Users testimonials] Good sleep 74%, Alleviation of migraine 85%, Less shoulder pain 66%, Feel refreshed 76%

How widely negative ions spread out

2008-06-30T21:09:00.003+09:00

Negative ions need to spread in every direction because you are not always in the blow-off direction. This is one of the most important factors when choosing the right product.

How widely negative ions spread out

Not always in the blow-off direction
As we mentioned in "How far negative ions travel", negative ion counts dramatically decrease as you go further away. The same goes with angled directions. It is possible that almost no negative ion molecule can be detected in the 30 degree direction. If you have such an ion generator, you always have to stay in the blow off direction in order to enjoy negative ions.

While cool air created by your air conditioner spreads throughout the room as time passes and temperature goes down, ion counts do not dramatically increase as time passes because negative ions vanish quickly. This is why negative ions need to spread in every direction.

Make sure negative ions spread in every direction
As mentioned above, a negative ion generator, which disperses negative ions to the blow off direction only, is not good for practical use. However, many models fail to perform this task because of technical difficulties. This is why you have to make sure that negative ions spread in every direction because you are not always in front of the generator.

How to make sure
Here is how to make sure that negative ions spread in every direction.

Coverage area
The coverage area is often decided by the manufacturer itself with no industry standard, so it is just for your reference.

Negative ion distribution
The negative ion distribution data shows how the ions spread. This data is not always available because very few companies disclose it. Here is the ion distribution data of the Ion House.

* Measured by a flat type air ion counter and our measurement method.
* Figures vary depending on air purification levels and other ambient conditions.

It is ideal to see how negative ions spread with the actual ion counts.

The industry's highest performance negative ion generator
[Users testimonials] Good sleep 74%, Alleviation of migraine 85%, Less shoulder pain 66%, Feel refreshed 76%

Performance is important

2008-06-30T21:06:00.002+09:00

While a fashionable and stylish negative ion generator can decorate your room, you have to remember that the performance is the most important factor.

Pay attention to specifications

Appearance vs Performance
A negative ion generator which looks nice, powerful or is recommended by Professor xxxxx does not always perform well. The performance is more important.

Pay attention to the performance!

Appearance is important as your negative ion generator stays in your room but you have to pay more attention to the performance. As we mentioned in "How far negative ions travel" and "How widely negative ions spread out", the negative ion distribution data is very important as it shows the ion counts at certain distances/directions. If you can only find the negative ion count detected at the blow off point or at an unknown distance, you should contact the manufacturer for more information. Otherwise, you may end up with a quasi-ion generator.

The industry's highest performance negative ion generator
[Users testimonials] Good sleep 74%, Alleviation of migraine 85%, Less shoulder pain 66%, Feel refreshed 76%

Pay attention to specifications

2008-06-30T20:51:00.004+09:00

Many negative ion generators manufactured by various manufacturers are found on the market. Many of them do not provide detailed specifications. Here you find the specification items you have to pay attention to.

Pay attention to specifications

The more information the better
Some manufacturers provide detailed specifications, while others do not. Here are the specification items required to evaluate performance of negative ion generators.

Click on the item for more information

Specification item	Example	Importance
Negative ion count (blow off direction)	20,000,000(pcs/cc at 0cm) 1,000,000(pcs/cc at 50cm) 700,000(pcs/cc at 100cm)	High
Negative ion count (angled directions)	500,000(pcs/cc in 30 degrees at 2m) 150,000(pcs/cc in 90 degrees at 2.5m) 10,000(pcs/cc in 180 degrees at 1m)	High
Maximum coverage area	40 m² (430 ft²)	High
Life span	5 years+	High
Safety measures	Safety circuit, Ozone/EMI suppression	High
Purification capability	90% of 0.3micron particles removed in 2 hours	High
Stable performance	Designed to maintain performance under extreme conditions	Middle to High
Life span of ionizing needles	5 years+	Middle
Positive ion counts	0(pcs/cc)	Middle
Ozone production	0.001ppm or less	Middle
Test operation	Comes with the ion detector for test operation	Middle
Maintenance	Cleaning of the ionizing needles	Middle
Purchase of consumables	Not needed	Middle
Wind noise generation	No noise due to no fan	Middle
Specification item	Example	Importance

The industry's highest performance negative ion generator
[Users testimonials] Good sleep 74%, Alleviation of migraine 85%, Less shoulder pain 66%, Feel refreshed 76%

Negative ion count (blow off direction)

2008-06-30T20:50:00.002+09:00

Negative ion count (blow off direction)

Negative ion count (blow off direction) - (Extract from "Pay attention to specifications")

Specification item	Example	Importance
Negative ion count (blow off direction)	20,000,000(pcs/cc at 0cm) 1,000,000(pcs/cc at 50cm) 700,000(pcs/cc at 100cm)	High

Ion counts show you "How far negative ions travel".
You cannot evaluate performance of negative ion generators without negative ion count information.

It is possible that some million negative ion molecules are detected at the blow off point but very few can be detected at 50/100/200cm away.

If only less than 2,000-3,000 (pcs/cc at 1m) negative ions can be detected, the performance of the ion generator is not good and it is only good for mobile or other special use.

Not only ion counts in the blow off direction but also those in angled directions (found on the next page) are an important factor.

The industry's highest performance negative ion generator
[Users testimonials] Good sleep 74%, Alleviation of migraine 85%, Less shoulder pain 66%, Feel refreshed 76%

Negative ion count (angled directions)

2008-06-30T20:46:00.002+09:00

It is ideal if negative ions spread in every direction. If very few negative ions can be detected in angled directions, the ion generator is just wasting electricity.

Negative ion count (angled directions)

Negative ion count (angled directions) - (Extract from "Pay attention to specifications")

Specification item	Example	Importance
Negative ion count (angled directions)	500,000(pcs/cc in 30 degrees at 2m) 150,000(pcs/cc in 90 degrees at 2.5m) 10,000(pcs/cc in 180 degrees at 1m)	High

Ion counts in angled directions show you "How widely negative ions spread out".

Ion count info in angled directions is a very important factor to choose the right negative ion generator but very few manufacturers disclose it.

If very few negative ions can be detected in angled directions, the ion generator is just wasting electricity.

We suggest you should pay attention on how widely negative ions spread out.

The industry's highest performance negative ion generator
[Users testimonials] Good sleep 74%, Alleviation of migraine 85%, Less shoulder pain 66%, Feel refreshed 76%

Maximum coverage area

2008-06-30T20:43:00.005+09:00

Maximum coverage area

Maximum coverage area - (Extract from "Pay attention to specifications")

Specification item	Example	Importance
Maximum coverage area	40 m² (430 ft²)	High

A maximum coverage area is just for your reference because it is decided by the manufacturer with no industry standard. We suggest you should choose the negative ion generator which covers the widest area possible.

It is ideal if negative ion count info in angled directions is available as it shows you how the ions can be distributed.

The industry's highest performance negative ion generator
[Users testimonials] Good sleep 74%, Alleviation of migraine 85%, Less shoulder pain 66%, Feel refreshed 76%

Life span

2008-06-30T20:42:00.002+09:00

Before you purchase a negative ion generator you need to know the life span. Worn-out ionizing needles can cause lower ion counts or the generation of ozone which can be harmful to the human body.

Life span

Life span -(Extract from "Pay attention to specifications")

Specification item	Example	Importance
Life span	5 years+	High

We believe you want to purchase a product which can perform well for long periods.

Generally, ionizing needles determine the life span of negative ion generators which incorporate the discharging method.

Worn-out ionizing needles can cause lower ion counts or generation of highly concentrated ozone.

Before you purchase a negative ion generator you need to know the life span and how it is determined.

The industry's highest performance negative ion generator
[Users testimonials] Good sleep 74%, Alleviation of migraine 85%, Less shoulder pain 66%, Feel refreshed 76%

Safety measures

2008-06-30T20:39:00.002+09:00

Safety measures are important. Negative ion generators which incorporate the discharging method use high voltages. Some products generate high levels of ozone which can be harmful to the human body.

Safety measures

Safety measures - (Extract from "Pay attention to specifications")

Specification item	Example	Importance
Safety measures	Safety circuit, Ozone/EMI suppression	High

Negative ion generators, which incorporate the discharging method, have internal circuits where high voltages are used. For your safety, we suggest you should choose a generator which is designed to prevent you from touching these circuits.

Some generators produce harmful ozone gas as the ionizing needles get worn out.

You should choose a safe product.

The industry's highest performance negative ion generator
[Users testimonials] Good sleep 74%, Alleviation of migraine 85%, Less shoulder pain 66%, Feel refreshed 76%

Purification capability

2008-06-30T20:34:00.004+09:00

Air purification capabilities are an important factor when choosing the right negative ion generator. A negative ion generator, which can disperse plenty of negative ions throughout the room, has a high ability to remove dust and particles floating in the air.

Purification capability

Purification Capability - (Extract from "Pay attention to specifications")

Specification item	Example	Importance
Purification capability	90% of 0.3micron particles removed in 2 hours	High

Negative ions combine with dust and particles floating in the air and fall to the floor. As the result, the dust and particles no longer exist in the air. This is how the air is purified by negative ions.
Air purification capabilities are an important factor when choosing the right negative ion generator.

A negative ion generators, which can disperse plenty of negative ions throughout the room, has a high ability to remove dust and particles floating in the air.

This figure shows how particles are removed to purify the air.

[ Ion House just switched on ] -

[ 1minute ] →

[ 3minutes ]

These photos show you cigarette smoke disappears (in 3 minutes).

Air purification capabilities are an important factor when choosing the right product but manufacturers do not always provide this information.

The industry's highest performance negative ion generator
[Users testimonials] Good sleep 74%, Alleviation of migraine 85%, Less shoulder pain 66%, Feel refreshed 76%

Stable performance

2008-06-30T20:30:00.004+09:00

Temperature and humidity changes can significantly lower the performance negative ion generators which employ the discharging method. You should choose a negative ion generator which is designed to maintain optimum performance under low/high temperature. Otherwise, it will not perform well under such conditions because the negative ion counts can dramatically drop.

Stable performance

Stable performance - (Extract from "Pay attention to specifications")

Specification item	Example	Importance
Stable performance	Designed to maintain performance under extreme conditions	Middle to High

Temperature and humidity changes can significantly lower the performance negative ion generators which employ the discharging method.

You should choose a negative ions generator which is designed to maintain optimum performance under low/high temperature. Otherwise, it will not perform well under such conditions because the negative ion counts can dramatically drop.

This image shows you the Ion House maintains optimum performance under temperature and humidity changes.

Very few products in the market are designed to maintain performance under extreme conditions.

The industry's highest performance negative ion generator
[Users testimonials] Good sleep 74%, Alleviation of migraine 85%, Less shoulder pain 66%, Feel refreshed 76%

Life span of ionizing needles

2008-06-30T20:26:00.004+09:00

Negative ion generators which employ the discharging method can generate fewer negative ions than they are supposed to do or produce a lot of harmful ozone when the ionizing needles get worn out. Ionizing needles determine the life span of the ion generators.

Life span of ionizing needles

Life span of ionizing needles - (Extract from "Pay attention to specifications")

Specification item	Example	Importance
Life span of ionizing needles	5 years+	Middle

The life spans of negative ion generators which employ the discharging method are usually determined by the ionizing needles.

Ionizing needles gradually get worn out as a result of repetitive charging/discharging or by chemical reactions.

Worn out needles can lower negative ion counts or produce a lot of harmful ozone.

The life span of ionizing needles is an important factor because it determines the life span of the negative ion generator.

The industry's highest performance negative ion generator
[Users testimonials] Good sleep 74%, Alleviation of migraine 85%, Less shoulder pain 66%, Feel refreshed 76%

Positive ion count

2008-06-30T20:21:00.002+09:00

Negative ion generators which employ the discharging method can generate both positive/negative ions simultaneously, which lowers negative ion counts because they are cancelled off by their positive counterparts.

Positive ion count

Positive ion count - (Extract from "Pay attention to specifications")

Specification item	Example	Importance
Positive ion counts	0(pcs/cc)	Middle

Negative ion generators can generate both positive/negative ions simultaneously, particularly if they employ the corona discharging method.

Positive ion generation lowers negative ion counts because they are cancelled out by their positive counterparts.

It is ideal not to produce positive ions.

The industry's highest performance negative ion generator
[Users testimonials] Good sleep 74%, Alleviation of migraine 85%, Less shoulder pain 66%, Feel refreshed 76%

Ozone production

2008-06-30T19:36:00.002+09:00

Most of negative ion generators which employ the discharging method generate negative ions and ozone simultaneously. Highly concentrated ozone is harmful to the human body. You have to make sure that the product meets safety standards before you purchase it.

Ozone production

Ozone production - (Extract from "Pay attention to specifications")

Specification item	Example	Importance
Ozone production	0.001ppm or less	Middle

Most of negative ion generators which employ the discharging method generate negative ions and ozone simultaneously.

Ozone gas is used for sterilizing/deodorant purposes but it is harmful to the human body if it is highly concentrated. The safety limit set by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare is less than 0.1ppm (in working areas).

Basically, a negative ion generator, which does not meet the safety standards, is not sold in the market. However, worn out ioznizing needles can generate highly concentrated ozone.

Ozone itself has no odor but it can give off an offensive stimulating smell when it reacts with other substances in the air. You have to choose a product which meets safety standards and make sure if it does not give off the odor caused by the reaction if you do not like the smell.

The industry's highest performance negative ion generator
[Users testimonials] Good sleep 74%, Alleviation of migraine 85%, Less shoulder pain 66%, Feel refreshed 76%

Test operation

2008-06-30T19:29:00.004+09:00

You cannot tell if your negative ion generator is working properly without an indicator light or a detector because you cannot see ions with the naked eye.

Test operation

Test operation - (Extract from "Pay attention to specifications")

Specification item	Example	Importance
Test operation	Comes with the ion detector for test operation	Middle

You cannot tell if your negative ion generator is working properly because you cannot see ions with the naked eye.

A negative ion generator which has a built-in indicator light and/or comes with a detector is ideal because they assure you that it is generating negative ions.

The industry's highest performance negative ion generator
[Users testimonials] Good sleep 74%, Alleviation of migraine 85%, Less shoulder pain 66%, Feel refreshed 76%

Maintenance

2008-06-30T19:27:00.003+09:00

Maintenance procedures vary depending on the negative ion generator. You should know what maintenance work is required to maintain the performance before you purchase the generator.

Maintenance

Maintenance - (Extract from "Pay attention to specifications")

Specification item	Example	Importance
Maintenance	Cleaning of the ionizing needles	Middle

Maintenance procedures vary depending on the negative ion generator.

Some products require you to clean the ionizing needles or replace the filters on a regular basis, while those which generate negative ions by crashing water require you to clean/refill the water tanks.

You should know what maintenance work is required to maintain the performance before you purchase the negative ion generator.

The industry's highest performance negative ion generator
[Users testimonials] Good sleep 74%, Alleviation of migraine 85%, Less shoulder pain 66%, Feel refreshed 76%

Purchase of consumables

2008-06-30T19:24:00.003+09:00

Some negative ion generators require you to purchase filters or other consumables on a regular basis. You should know the expenditures before you purchase the generator.

Purchase of consumables

Purchase of consumables - (Extract from "Pay attention to specifications")

Specification item	Example	Importance
Purchase of consumables	Not needed	Middle

Some negative ion generators require you to purchase filters or other consumables on a regular basis.

You should know the expenditures before you purchase the generator because you have to continue to pay as long as you use it.

The industry's highest performance negative ion generator
[Users testimonials] Good sleep 74%, Alleviation of migraine 85%, Less shoulder pain 66%, Feel refreshed 76%

Wind noise generation

2008-06-30T19:15:00.006+09:00

Some negative ion generators have built-in fans/motors. We suggest you should know the noise levels generated by the ion generator before you purchase it especially if you are going to install it in the bedroom.

Wind noise generation

Wind noise generation - (Extract from "Pay attention to specifications")

Specification item	Example	Importance
Wind noise generation	No noise due to no fan	Middle

Some negative ion generators have built-in fans/motors.

We suggest you should know the noise levels generated by the generator before you purchase it because you may be disturbed by the noise.

The industry's highest performance negative ion generator
[Users testimonials] Good sleep 74%, Alleviation of migraine 85%, Less shoulder pain 66%, Feel refreshed 76%

Summary [How to choose the right negative ion generator (aka. ionizer)]

2008-06-30T18:45:00.009+09:00

Here is a summary of how to choose the right negative ion generator. While there are several factors to consider, what is most important is that negative ions reach you.

[Summary] The most important factor

Negative ions have to reach you!
There are several factors to consider when choosing the right negative ion generator. The most important factor is if negative ions reach you or not.

However, many manufacturers do not provide this most important information.

Negative ion count information in the blow off and angled directions shows you if the negative ions reach you.

For example, "Massive negative ions!" or "2,000,000 pcs negative ions!" does not ensure that the negative ions reach you.

Coverage areas are just for your reference only because there is no industry standard.
We suggest you should make sure that the negative ions will reach you before you purchase the product.

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Discovery of air ions

2007-07-13T03:45:00.000+09:00

(1) Coulomb's experiment
"An insulated charged body exposed to atmospheric air gradually loses its charge." (Coulomb 1785)
However, at the time, it was not clear why it loses the charge.

(2) Theory of air ion conductivity
"Positively or negatively charged tiny particles can be found not only in electrolytic solutions but also in the air. Electricity flows through the air by these particles." (Discovery and Research of Becquerel and X rays)

This theory was applied to explain "Electronic conductivity in the air" by Ester, Geitel and Wilson, and resulted in better understanding of Coulomb's experiment.

These tiny particles are called "Air Ions".

Faraday named these particles "Ions".

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What is an air ion?

2007-07-13T03:44:00.000+09:00

(1) What is an air ion?
An air ion is a positively or negatively charged tiny particle in the air. (e.g. oxygen molecule) A negative ion possesses the same amount of electric charge as an electron.

(2) How is an air ion created?
Ions charged positively are positive ions and those charged negatively are negative ions. Generally, free-floating electrons are released into the air and they collide/stick with/to gaseous molecules (e.g. oxygen molecule) to form negative ions or negative ion molecules.

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Mobility

2007-07-13T03:30:00.000+09:00

(1) About mobility
An air ion moves according to the electric field because of its electronic properties. The velocity is proportional to the electronic field strength. The velocity per 1 (V/m) is defined as the mobility.

SI unit of velocity: (m/s)
SI unit of mobility: (m/s) / (V/m) = m²/Vs

In most cases, mobility is determined by the ratio between the amount of electronic charge the ion possesses and the mass of the ion.

Ions which have high/low mobility values are large/small ions respectively.

(2) Importance of mobility
Effects on the human body are closely connected with mobility of air ions. Small ions are more efficiently absorbed by the human body than the same amount of large ions because they have larger mobility values and diffusion coefficients.

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Classification of ions

2007-07-13T03:28:00.000+09:00

Ions are generally categorized into the following groups based on mobility values and dimensions.

(1) Free-floating electron
An free-floating electron exists by itself and weights only about 1/1800 of the hydrogen atom. Its mobility values are as large as beta rays generated by cathode rays or radiant substances. It is generally found at high altitudes where the air is rarefied, or in highly purified nitrogen, helium and argon.

(2) Ionized atom
An atom, which has lost an electron, is a positively ionized atom. An electronically neutral atom, which has obtained an electron, is a negatively ionized atom.

Both types of ions along with electrons exist only in the upper layers of the atmosphere.

(3) Small ion
Most ions found in the atmosphere belong to this group (also known as Lightweight or Normal ion). As soon as an electron or ionized atom shows up in the atmosphere, it attracts gaseous molecules and combines with them to form a small ion molecule while positioning itself in the center.

A small ion molecule consists of 2 to 30 molecules. Generally, positive ions weigh more than negatively charged ions, and mobility values are larger than 0.4-0.8 (cm²/Vs).

(4) Large ion
A large ion (also known as Heavy ion) is a negative or positive small ion (molecule) absorbed by dust, mist or another tiny particle. While having the same structure as small ions, it can weight 1,000 times more. Mobility values range from 0.0005 to 0.01 (cm²/Vs).

Many exist in polluted air.

(5) Middle ion
This group of ions was discovered by Pollock and exists only in low humidity conditions, and does not exist near the earth's surface. Mobility values range from 0.01 to 0.1 (cm²/Vs).

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How are air ions created?

2007-07-13T03:25:00.000+09:00

Air ions in the atmosphere are generated in various ways. While new ions are generated some cease to exist in order to maintain a certain balance.

(1) UV rays
Gaseous molecules are intensively ionized when UV rays pass through the molecules.
(Research conducted by Leonard, Thompson, Brenry)

This intensive ionization phenomenon can be found in the upper layers of the atmosphere. It has been said that molecules are ionized about 10 times more intensively at an altitude of 10km than at the ground surface. These highly concentrated ions are diffused to the ground surface at low speeds. Negative and positive ions combine together and they are electrically cancelled out on their way back to the ground surface. This results in lower ion densities at or near the earth's surface.

(2) Lenard's effect (Waterfall effect)
When a drop of water changes its shape (e.g. splits into smaller droplets), the droplets and the surrounding air are charged positively and negatively respectively. This is the Lenard's effect.

Two electronic layers always exist on the surface of a drop of water. The inner/outer layer is charged negatively/positively respectively. As soon as a newly formed water droplet has contact with the air positive ions in the air are absorbed into the droplets outer layer. As a result the surrounding air is charged negatively and thus negative air ions are generated.

(3) Sunlight
Ions are generated by the photoelectric effect (when a light of a certain wavelength hits a metallic surface, the surface emits electrons). Electrons collide with molecules in the air to ionize the molecules.

It has been said that the photoelectric effect is less likely to cause ion generation because few substances, which can cause the photoelectric effect, exist at or near the surface of the earth.

(4) Radioactive substance
The majority of ions found at or near the surface of the earth are generated by alpha, beta or gamma rays.

(A) Alpha ray
This ray is positively charged. A helium atom becomes a positively charged tiny particle after losing two electrons. When the particle passes through the air it collides with gaseous molecules and ionizes them intensively.

(B) Beta ray
This is an electron and it is charged negatively and it passes through the air at very high speeds. It does not ionize other molecules so intensively as the alpha ray.

(C) Gamma ray
This is a very short wavelength electromagnetic wave. Its transmittance is higher than that of X rays while it ionizes molecules as intensively as the X ray.

(5) Radium emanation
The radioactive series (e.g. Uranium, Radium, Actinium, Thorium) exist extensively in the earth. "Emanation" is a gaseous form of decayed substances found at the surface of the ground. It decays more rapidly in the atmosphere while emitting alpha, beta and gamma rays, and it ionizes the air.

Negative ions are generated when atmospheric pressure falls because air is drawn out of the earth together with Emanation due to the pressure changes.

(6) Ion balance in the atmosphere
In most cases, positive and negative ions are generated in pairs. While few ways generate positive ions only, the Lenard's effect, beta ray emission and so on generate negative ions only. In theory, more negative ions should exist in the air. However, negative ions decrease by recombination as the air gets polluted.

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Examples of air ions

2007-07-13T03:22:00.000+09:00

Here are some examples of air ions found at or near the surface of the earth.

(1) Negative air ions
Electrons are released from molecules in the air when radiant or cosmic rays in the atmosphere collide with the molecules. These electrons are absorbed by molecules (e.g. oxygen or carbon dioxide) in the air to form negative ions. Actually, they combine with water molecules to exist stably.

Here are some examples of small negative ions.

Oxide molecule ion: O₂^- + (H₂O)_n
Carbon dioxide ion: CO₃^- + (H₂O)_n
Nitric acid ion: NO₃^- + (H₂O)_n

"-" of O₂^-/CO₃^-/NO₃^- means a neutral molecule in the air has received an electron.

"n" of (H₂O)_n shows the number of water molecules and it changes depending on humidity.

A large negative ion is formed when a small ion is absorbed by a larger particle.

(2) Generation of positive ion
The Oxonium ion is the most well known positive air ion. It is formed when hydrogen ions combine with water molecules.

Oxonium ion: H₃O⁺ + (H₂0)_n

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How do air ions decrease?

2007-07-13T03:20:00.000+09:00

Air ions decrease by:

(1) Electronic neutralization
Positive and negative air ions combine together and they are electrically cancelled out.

(2) Diffusion
Air ions tend to spread out to have uniform density. (i.e. higher to lower density) Generally, diffusion speeds of small negative ions are higher than positive ions. This means negative ions vanish more rapidly (i.e. shorter life span).

(3) Absorption
A tiny particle (e.g. dust, steam) lowers ion density and mobility when it absorbs an air ion. Absorption speeds are determined by diffusion speeds, therefore mobility of the ion. Generally, negative ions are more likely to be absorbed because of higher mobility values than positive ions.

(4) Electric fields
An air ion moves according to the electric field. However, it is said that it does not affect the movement much except under extraordinary events. (e.g. when thunder occurs.)

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Conditions of generation

2007-07-13T03:17:00.000+09:00

Air ions in the atmosphere are generated in various ways. While new ions are generated some cease to exist in order to maintain a certain balance.

(1) Humidity
As referred on "Examples of air ions", ionized molecules combine with water molecules (drops of water) in the air. When humidity is extremely high the number of air ions decreases as drops of water merge to form a fewer number of drops. When humidity is low air ions decrease because of a fewer number of drops of water as a result of evaporation.

Thus, high or low humidity is not an ideal condition for air ion generation. It is said that relative humidity of 40 to 60% is best.

(2) Temperature
Some research shows that positive ions increase as temperature rises while other research shows that negative ions are generated when the surface of the earth is heated and water evaporates. It seems ion generation has no particular tendencies regarding temperature variables.

(3) Pressure
Pressure changes have more effect on ion generation than absolute pressure values. When atmospheric pressure drops radioactive substances are drawn out of the ground to form negative ions.

(4) Wind
Negative ions are generated when a cluster of water molecules in the air is dispersed by winds. This is one of the reasons why fresh air makes you feel better when ventilating a room.

The core of mist

2007-07-13T03:14:00.000+09:00

(1) Visible lionization tendency
An ion becomes the core to form a small drop of water under saturated steam conditions.
You can see the small drop with the naked eye.
(Wilson's cloud chamber)

(2) Negative ions more likely to be the core
Negative ions are more likely to be the core of mist than positive ions. This is not due to the amount of electrons which an ion possesses but to the two electronic layers of water.

Conductivity and electronic field

2007-07-13T03:07:00.000+09:00

(1) Conductivity and Electronic field
An electrical current flows from an ion molecules in the air. There are 4 kinds of ions, large-positive, large-negative, small-positive and small-negative. Where the electric field strength is F, the total electrical current which flows from these 4 kinds of ions is it, and all ions have different mobility values (k/K/+/-) and ion counts (n/N/+/-).

[Mobility values]
k₊: Positively charged small ion
k_-: Negatively charged small ion
K₊: Positively charged large ion
K_-: Negatively charged large ion

[Ion counts]
n₊: Positively charged small ion
n_-: Negatively charged small ion
N₊: Positively charged large ion
N_-: Negatively charged large ion

Each current which flows from each ion:
[Current: Ion]
en₊Fk₊: small positive ion
en_-Fk_-: small negative ion
eN₊FK₊: large positive ion
eN_-FK_-: large negative ion

The total electrical current is the sum of each current and it is described by:

i_t = (en₊Fk₊) + (en_-Fk_-) + (eN₊FK₊) + (eN_-FK_-)

= F(en₊k₊+en_-k_-+eN₊K₊+eN_-K_-) ----- (A)
(e=4.77X10¹⁰C)

where

λ₊ = (en₊k₊+eN₊K₊) ----- (B)
λ_- = (en_-k_-+eN_-K_-) ----- (C)
λ = λ₊+λ_- ----- (D)

(A) can be descried by:

i_t = F(λ₊+λ_-) = Fλ ----- (E)

Each term in λ₊/λ_- is the ratio of the electronic field and the electrical current density, which shows the electrical conductivity.

λ₊: Positive polar conductivity
λ_-: Negative polar conductivity
λ: Whole conductivity

The SI unit of conductivity is: Sm_-1

(2) Conductivity depending on environment
e.g. #1
where the air is well purified and n/N/k/K/+/- are:
n₊ = 600
n_- = 600
N₊ = 2000
N_- = 2000
k₊ = 1.5(cm²/Vs)
k_- = 1.5(cm²/Vs)
K₊ = 0.0004(cm²/Vs)
K_- = 0.0004(cm²/Vs)

ekn:eKN = 1125:1 (ref. to B/C)

This shows that the electronic conductivity in the purified air is largely determined by small ions.

e.g. #2 where the air is polluted and n/N/k/K/+/- are:
n₊ = 100
n_- = 100
N₊ = 50000
N_- = 50000
k₊ = 1.5(cm²/Vs)
k_- = 1.5(cm²/Vs)
K₊ = 0.0004(cm²/Vs)
K_- = 0.0004(cm²/Vs)

ekn:eKN = 7.5:1 (ref. to B/C)

This shows that large ions play a partial role to determine the electronic conductivity in the polluted air.

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Measurement Principles

2007-07-13T02:50:00.002+09:00

Here are measurement principles of air ions.

(1) Ebert's Ion Counter
This is the first invented ion counter.

[Fig.1 General idea of Ebert ion counter]

A is a cylindrical conductor and it is connected to the ground. B is insulated and coaxial with A. E is a Wolf bipolar electrometer and it is connected to the bottom end of B. The fan on the right bottom part of this image inhales air at the rate of ω/s.

When air passes through between A and B, which is charged at V₀, B absorbs oppositely charged ions to neutralize itself.

When V₀ reaches V_t and the value of the capacitance of A-B-E is C,
neutralized ions by B is:

C(V_t-V₀)

Air ions are measured in pcs/cc.
n, the air ion count, can be given by:

n = C(V_t-V₀) / eω --- 1
(e: electricity possessed by a single ion molecule)

The above formula #1 is applicable to air ions with any mobility value.

With higher voltages of A-B and lower flow rates, you can measure the total count of small and large ions (n+N). Therefore, N, the large ion count, can be calculated by (n+N) - n.

(2) Gerdien Condenser
This was developed by applying the principle of the Ebert's Ion Counter. Most ion counters on the market incorporate this technology.

The parallel flat plate type ion counter was developed based on this condenser.

[Fig.2 General idea of Gerdien Condenser]

The Fig.2 shows a dual coaxial cylinder. Air flows in the direction of the arrows.

r_o = ID of outer cylinder
r_i = Radius of inner cylinder
L = Length of cylinder
Φ = Flow rate per second
V = Voltage applied to outer cylinder

Air ions flow into the inner cylinder according to the electronic field in the dual coaxial cylinder. You can measure the number of positive/negative ions when V is positive/negative respectively.

If all air ions have the same mobility value and all of those entering from P are captured at S, they are all captured by the inner cylinder.

In reality, mobility values of ions are various.
k_c, the mobility value of the ion captured at T, is defined as the critical point of mobility value, and it is given by:

k_c = Φln(r_o/r_i) = Φ

2πLV 4πaV

a = L

2πln(r_o/r_i)

Ions which have higher mobility values than the critical point are all captured. Those which have lower values are not captured and they flow out of the cylinder (C). If ions that reach T (see Fig.2) enter from R (D), ions that pass through P-R flow out, and only those which pass through R-Q (shown with oblique lines) are captured in the inner cylinder. The flow rate ratio of the points of φ (area with oblique lines) and Φ (whole entrance area) is given by:

φ/Φ = k/k_c

(Reference: Misaki, 1960).

[[Fig.3 Voltage/Current Characteristic Curve of Gerdien Condenser (Misaki, 1976)]
To make it simple, let's assume that only small ions exist and the flow rate is fixed. P on the characteristic curveshows that i has reached the saturation point where small ions are all captured and k_c, the critical point of mobility value, is equal to k_s, the minimum mobility value of the small ions. V_s, the applied voltage, and n_s, the small ion density,are given by:

V_s = Φ

4πak_s

n_s = i_s

eΦ

(e=4.77X10^-10C, i_s: Saturated current)

(Reference: Atmospheric Electronic by Shinichiro Kitagawa)

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Importance of Mobility

2007-07-12T04:28:00.000+09:00

Small air ions have more positive effects on the human body. Large air ions have more capabilities to purify the air.

When you study an ionization tendency you need to focus on small or large ions only.
This is important when you compare it with ionization tendencies of other locations.

Every ion molecule possesses its unique mobility value. It is one of the most important factors to decide on which mobility value (i.e. which ion) to focus on.

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Practical measurement of air ions

2007-07-12T04:25:00.000+09:00

(1) Both ion counts measurement
Generally, both positive/negative ion counts change every second in the atmosphere. The ratio of positive and negative ions is a very important factor to understand an ionization tendency. Thus it is ideal to measure both positive/negative ion counts.

(2) Simultaneous measurement of both ions
Simultaneous measurement of both ions provides more reliable data.

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Significance of Measurement

2007-07-12T04:11:00.000+09:00

(1) Environmental evaluation
A quantitative understanding of ionization tendencies in various locations is one effective way for environmental evaluation.

(2) Evaluation of negative ion products
Before you purchase a negative ion generator (ionizer) it is necessary to know the amount of negative ions it generates. In terms of positive effects on the human body, the amount of small ions detected in the atmosphere is an important factor.

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Summary of tourmaline

2007-07-12T04:06:00.000+09:00

Birthstone for October with positive effects on the environment and health.
Tourmaline (also known as Electronic Stone) is mined in many parts of the world including Brazil, Afghanistan, East Africa and the United States. It is the birthstone for October and has a wide variety of colors. Recently, it has become known that its electronic and chemical properties have significant positive effects on the environment and health.

Its unique crystal structure provides the following features.

1. Generates negative ions
2. Emits infrared rays

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Beneficial effects of tourmaline

2007-07-12T04:05:00.000+09:00

Painkilling, relaxation enhancement, thermal effects, air and water purification, etc.
It is believed that tourmaline has some positive effects:

Treatment and prevention of various disease
Enhancement of relaxation
Thermal effects
Air purification
Improvement of water/soil quality

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Applications of tourmaline

2007-07-12T04:03:00.000+09:00

Negative ion generation, thermal effects, changing water quality, etc.
1. Negative ion generation
Tourmaline continues to generate negative ions forever and it can be used for improving health and the environment. Negative ions not only have positive effects on the human body but also purify the air.

External energy such as applying pressure or changing temperature is needed to activate the generation of negative ions because tourmaline generates very little amount of negative ions when not in motion or under uniform temperature conditions.

2. Thermal effects
Tourmaline bedclothes can make your body feel warm as infrared rays are emitted.

This quality is utilized to melt snow in areas affected by heavy snowfall.

3. Changing water quality
Water tastes better when mixed with tourmaline stones. Your skin glows after you immerse yourself in water mixed with tourmaline powder. It has not been fully analyzed how these effects occur but it is believed to be caused by mineral elements contained in this miracle stone.

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Misunderstanding about tourmaline

2007-07-12T04:01:00.000+09:00

Tourmaline has beneficial effects on health and the environment but it is not a panacea.
1. Tourmaline stores little electricity when not stimulated.
Tourmaline is electronically charged when external pressure is applied or through temperature change. It is believed that the Piezo and Pyro effects are connected with the generation of negative ions.

2. Tourmaline is not a panacea.
Some websites say, "Tourmaline is good for health" or "Tourmaline cures diabetes" but this is not applicable to everyone. Negative ions can help treat functional disorders but a recommended dosage for treatment purposes has not yet been established. It depends on symptoms, individuals, environment and many other factors. Time frames for treatment also depend on patients circumstances. Tourmaline can alleviate symptoms of atopic dermatitis (eczema) within a matter of days, while it may take several months before blood glucose levels start to fall. Some give up tourmaline therapy because it does not provide significant improvements quickly. Tourmaline is not a panacea and you have to be patient until symptoms alleviate. It is very important to understand this before you start tourmaline therapy.

3. Tourmaline generates little amount of negative ions when not in motion.
Tourmaline is activated when rubbed or pressure/heat is applied. There are many bedclothes, underwear and athletic support products containing tourmaline. These products generate negative ions because pressure and heat are applied while in use. However tourmaline products to which no external energy is applied generate little amount of negative ions. It is very important to understand this before you purchase tourmaline products.

4. All stones are not the same.
Mineralogically all tourmaline stones are categorized into the same group. However tourmaline's ability to generate negative ions varies depending on its physical structure, hardness, impurity level and from where it is mined. We suggest you should make sure your tourmaline stone generates a lot of negative ions before you start your therapy. Otherwise you will feel no effect!

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Summary of negative ions

2007-07-12T03:53:00.000+09:00

Negatively or positively charged substance in the air.
A negative ion is a negatively charged atom, molecule or complex molecule having more than its normal amount of electrons. The small amount of electricity does not give you an electric shock!

You cannot see this tiny object with the naked eye nor feel it.

An atom with a positive electrical charge is a positive ion.

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Why do negative ions attract attention?

2007-07-12T03:51:00.000+09:00

Enhance relaxation, alleviate symptoms of disease, and healing power.
Several experiments demonstrate that negative ions have positive effects on the human body. e.g.

Enhance relaxation
Alleviate symptoms of disease

Much research regarding negative ions has been conducted and reported since the early 20th century. It has been proven that negative ions stimulate growth and extend life spans of animals and vegetation and thus contribute to improved productivity.

Where do negative ions exist?

2007-07-12T03:47:00.000+09:00

Small atoms in your environment.
Negative ions exist in the air around you with a smaller amount of positive ions. They are measured in pcs/cc. Negative ion counts in the atmosphere usually range between 0 and some hundred per cc.

A large amount of negative ions exist where water splashes such as waterfalls and fountains.
A large amount of negative ions can be found where water splashes such as waterfalls and fountains.

You can enjoy more negative ions in your room with a negative ion generator (ionizer).

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How are negative ions created?

2007-07-12T03:46:00.000+09:00

Created by radiant/cosmic rays and thunderbolts.
It is believed that negative ions, which exist in living space, are created by radiant rays emitted from the inside of the earth, cosmic rays and thunderbolts. Positive ions are also created during these ionizing processes.

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Classification of negative ions

2007-07-12T03:44:00.000+09:00

Negative ions are classified by size and chemical composition.
[Size]
Some molecules in the air combine to form a negative ion molecule. Generally, negative ions are floating in the air in a group. Depending on the size of the group, they are classified into small, medium and large ion groups. It has been said that small groups have better effects on the human body.

[Chemical Composition]
Negative ions have not been fully analyzed chemically yet. The following are well-known examples.

Oxide molecule ion → O₂^- + (H₂O)_n
Carbon dioxide ion → CO₃^- + (H₂O)_n
Nitric acid ion → NO₃^- + (H₂O)_n

Some reports say the Nitric acid molecule ion is more often found than other type of negative ions.

It is believed NH4⁺ type positive ions are the mainstream of positive ions.
(Reference: Luts,1995 and others)

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About negative ion products

2007-07-12T03:42:00.000+09:00

Classified by how negative ions are generated.
You can find a variety of negative ion products on the market. Some generate a large amount of negative ion molecules while others only a small amount. They generate negative ions by:

1.Discharge electrodes
2.Splashing water
3.Ultraviolet rays
4.Natural ores

Products range from negative ion generators (ionizers) to air conditioners, hair driers, home appliances, clothing, bedding and so on.

Effective way to take negative ions

2007-07-12T03:34:00.000+09:00

Difficult to take a large amount of negative ions in nature.
A large amount of negative ions can be detected where water splashes such as waterfalls and fountains. This is called the Lenard's effect.

However ion counts in nature change constantly depending on how water splashes.

We have conducted an experiment near a fountain and found dramatic changes as we moved one step forward or backward. 1,000-10,000(pcs/cc) of negative ions can be detected near a large waterfall but the counts are not consistent. You can enjoy nature but you cannot enjoy a large amount of negative ions.

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Effective way to take negative ions.
We suggest you should rely on a negative ion generator (ionizer) for these reasons.

1. constantly generates a large amount of negative ions
2. easy to install
3. 1 generator covers the whole room (no need to buy other items)

There are many negative ion generator (ionizer) on the market. Some work well, while others don't.

We proudly offer the Ion House, and guarantee the performance! You can refer to testimonials to see what satisfied users say about this product.

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Recommended dosage of negative ions

2007-07-12T03:32:00.000+09:00

Recommended dosage not established.
A recommended dosage has not been established yet. It depends on symptoms, individuals, environment and many other factors.

Negative ion count ranges of 53 research reports.
Ion counts for treatment in 53 research reports show that 1,000-500,000 (pcs/cc) negative ions have been used effectively for treatment purposes.

Digital Air Ion Counter, Good for R&D and product promotion!
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100 years of research history

2007-07-12T03:31:00.000+09:00

Research activities started about 100 years ago.
In the early 20th century, research activities on negative ions started in Germany, Russia, and some other countries, but many were disrupted by the WWII.

Extensive research was conducted in Japan during the 1930s at universities, in particular at Hokkaido University, and in laboratories. A number of theories were established during this period. Research had only been conducted by a small number of researchers until the late 1990s when negative ions started attracting more attention.

How negative ions decrease

2007-07-12T03:28:00.000+09:00

Decrease for some reasons with unique interpretation of air ions.
Negative ions in the air decrease or seem to decrease by:

1. Neutralization with positive ions
2. Diffusion
3. Absorption by dust

1. Positive and negative ions are electrically cancelled out.
2. Negative ions widely spread in the air, resulting the number of negative ions per cc (i.e. ion density pcs/cc) decreases.
3. This is applicable to air ions only. After absorption, the mass of the combined object (i.e. negative ions and dust) is much more than ions themselves and it is regarded that they are no longer ions (small ions). This is because it is generally understood that negative ions have small mass. Negative ions neither disappear nor lose the electronic properties.

Cell phone look-alike Mobile Negative Ion Generator (Ionizer) !
Generates approx. 140,000 (pcs/cc) negative ions at 30cm. Wear around the neck and enjoy negative ions at anytime, any where!

Negative ions in a solution

2007-07-12T03:26:00.000+09:00

Not too sure if Ions in a solution and those in the air behave the same.

"Negative ions" usually refers to "negative ions in the atmosphere". For more than a century the majority of research has focused on ions found in the air and how they affect the human body.

However negative ions in the atmosphere have not been fully analyzed yet.
Therefore it is too early to conclude if negative ions in a solution behave the same way as those in the air even though both are negatively charged.

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Reasons why less negative ions than positive ions

2007-07-12T03:02:00.000+09:00

Caused by atmospheric electric fields, automotive exhaust gas, industrial smoke, etc.

1. Negative ions that naturally exist at or near the earths surface are usually created by radiant rays emitted from the core of the earth, cosmic rays and thunderbolts. The same amount of positive ions are also produced during the process. Only negative ions are carried to the sky by atmospheric electric fields stretching from the sky to the earth, which results in more positive ions at ground level.

2. Automotive exhaust gas and industrial smoke contain more positive ions than those negatively charged.

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